The markup order is the sequence of operations performed. The markup sequence is markup. Build a drawing. Choose a blank from plywood
Municipal budgetary educational institution
secondary school number 70
Lesson summary: « Marking of wood blanks »
Composed by: technology teacher
Lipetsk 2014
Purpose:teach students how to mark wood parts.
Equipment:wooden blanks, drawings, marking tools (pencils, rulers, squares, compasses, thicknesses, templates, etc.).
During the classes
I. Repetition of material covered.
1. Conversation on:
"What is the purpose of the routing.
"What is called a blank?
"What is called a technological operation?
2. Communication of the topic and purpose of the lesson.
II. Statement of program material.
1. Introduction to the topic of the lesson.
Teacher. Do you have material from which I would like to make a conceived product. There are tools to get started: sawing, drilling, scoring, etc.
"Is it possible to proceed?
"Will you get a solid, high-quality, beautiful work?
"Why? (Students are listening.)
Guys, in order to embody any conceived business and get such a product that would please the eye, correspond to the required dimensions and the right technological processing, you need to carefully think through everything. Where do you think you should start? (Predictable answers from students.) Before manufacturing the part of the desired shape, mark it out using measuring and marking tools.
Write down what the term “markup” means.
Markup - this is the application of contour lines to the workpiece.
When marking rectangular parts, a ruler and a square are used.
The teacher demonstrates the techniques of rectangular marking.
(See Appendices, Fig. 17.)
2. The sequence of actions markup.
1 .Before marking, one of the edges of the workpiece is cut off or cut exactly in a straight line.
2 .Parallel marking lines can be done with a thicknesser. (See Appendices, Fig. 18, 19.)
3. Using a compass, circles and arcs are drawn on the marked workpiece. Then the center is marked.
4. The radius is delayed on the ruler.
5 .On the deferred radius, a circle is drawn.
Consider a special kind of markup, which is template markup.
Template marking is used if it is necessary to make several identical parts of complex shape.
The patterns for these identical parts are made of wood, metal, plastic.
What role do you think patterns play in the overall manufacturing process? (Student responses.)
Template marking allows you to quickly and accurately draw the desired shape of the part.
The teacher shows the markup technique according to the pattern.
III. Practical work.
Accomplishment of tasks:
1. Using marking tools, mark the workpiece blanks according to the drawings proposed by the teacher.
2. Mark the workpiece according to the template suggested by the teacher.
IV. Lesson summary.
Markup, its types and purpose
Marking is the operation of applying lines and points to a workpiece designed for processing. Lines and dots indicate processing boundaries.
There are two types of marking: flat and spatial. Marking is called flat when lines and points are applied to a plane, spatial - when marking lines and points are applied to a geometric body of any configuration.
Spatial marking can be performed on a marking plate using a marking box, prisms and squares. In spatial marking, prisms are used to rotate the workpiece to be marked.
Tools and devices for marking, types and their purpose
For flat and spatial marking, a drawing of the part and the workpiece for it, a marking plate, a marking tool and universal marking devices, a measuring tool and auxiliary materials are required.
Marking tools include: scriber (with one point, with a ring, double-sided with a curved end), marker (several types), marking compasses, center punches (ordinary, automatic for stencil, for a circle), calipers with a conical mandrel, a hammer, a center compass , rectangle, marker with a prism.
The marking devices include: a marking plate, a marking box, marking squares and bars, a stand, a surface gage with a scriber, a surface gage with a movable scale, a centering device, a dividing head and a universal marking grip, a rotary magnetic plate, double clamps, adjustable wedges, prisms screw supports. Measuring tools for marking are: a ruler with divisions, a caliper, a surface gage with a movable scale, a caliper, a square, an angle meter, a caliper, a level, a control ruler for surfaces, a probe and reference tiles.
Auxiliary materials for marking include: chalk, white paint (a mixture of chalk diluted in water with linseed oil and the addition of an anti-drying oil), red paint (a mixture of shellac and alcohol with dye), grease, washing and etching materials, wooden bars and reiki, a small tin plate for paints and a brush.
Simple marking and measuring tools used in locksmith work are: a hammer, scriber, marker, ordinary punch, square, compass, marking plate, ruler with divisions, vernier caliper and caliper.
The process of planar marking, determining the marking order, method of execution, checking marking and punching of parts.
Flat or spatial marking of the part is carried out on the basis of the drawing.
Before marking, the workpiece must undergo mandatory training, which includes the following operations: cleaning the part from dirt and corrosion (do not produce on a marking plate); degreasing of the part (do not produce on a marking plate); inspection of the part in order to detect defects (cracks, shells, curvatures); verification of overall dimensions, as well as machining allowances; definition of a marking base; white coating of surfaces to be marked and drawing lines and dots on them; determination of the axis of symmetry.
If a hole is taken as a marking base, then a wooden cork should be inserted into it. A marking base is a specific point, an axis of symmetry or a plane, from which, as a rule, all dimensions on a part are measured. Nacking is the operation of applying small dots-recesses on the surface of a part. They define the centerlines and centers of the holes needed for processing, certain straight or curved lines on the product. The mounting is done in order to indicate on the part persistent and noticeable signs that define the base, the boundaries of processing or the place of drilling. The operation is performed using a scriber, center punch and hammer.
Preparing for the markup. Before proceeding to the marking, carefully check the workpiece: for shells, cracks, broken corners and other defects. Then the workpiece is cleaned of dirt and dust. Next, they study the drawing of the future part in detail and outline the marking order: determine in what positions the part will be installed on the plate and in what sequence marking lines will be applied.
In order to choose the correct marking path, it is necessary to clearly represent the purpose of the marked part, its. role in the car. Therefore, in addition to the drawing of the marked part, it is also necessary to study the assembly drawing and familiarize yourself with the manufacturing technology of the part.
Base selection when marking up. The correct choice of base when marking determines the quality of marking. The choice of marking bases depends on the design features and manufacturing technology of the part.
The base is selected, guided by the following rules:
if the workpiece has at least one processed surface, it is taken as the base;
if not all surfaces are processed, then the non-processed surface is taken as the base;
if the outer and inner surfaces are not processed, then the outer surface is preferably taken as the base;
all sizes are applied from one surface or from one line taken as a base.
After the base is outlined, the marking procedure, the location and installation of the part to be marked on the stove are determined, and the necessary marking tools and devices are selected.
Installation of the workpiece on a screed. Before installing the workpiece on the marked plate, those places of the workpiece where marking risks will be applied are painted with chalk, paint, varnish or copper sulfate. When installing only the first position of the workpiece on the plate is independent, and all other positions depend on the first. Therefore, the first position of the workpiece must be chosen so that it is convenient to start marking from the surface or center line, taken as the base. The workpiece is installed on the plate not in an arbitrary position, but in such a way that one of its main axes is parallel to the surface of the marking plate.
There are usually three such axes on the workpiece: in length, width and height.
Large parts that cannot be turned over are marked out with the help of surface guides and marking squares. Set the thickness on the scribe and. moving it, draw marking lines.
Marking Risks. For spatial layout of workpieces, horizontal, vertical, and inclined risks must be applied. These names of the marks are preserved after turning the workpiece in the process of marking. If, for example, the risks at the initial position of the workpiece were held horizontally, then although they became vertical after turning the workpiece 90 ° so that there was no confusion, they continue to be called horizontal.
In addition to the main marking marks, parallel to them at a distance of 5 - 7 mm, control risks are carried out with a colored pencil, which serve to verify the installation of the workpiece during further processing, as well as for processing in cases where the risk has somehow disappeared.
When marking on the plate, horizontal risks are drawn with a reimbursement set to the appropriate size. Reysmass is moved parallel to the surface of the scribe plate, slightly pressing it with its base to the plate. In this case, the gauge needle should be directed obliquely to the marked surface in the direction of movement at an angle of 75 - 80 °. Press the needle on the workpiece evenly.
There are three ways of marking vertical scribes: marking square, surface gage and turning the workpiece by 90 °, thickness gage from marking boxes without turning the workpiece.
Inclined lines are applied with a scriber by turning the part along a protractor installed at the required angle.
Marking with dividing heads (rotary marking table design S.V. Lastochkina) (Fig. 303). The round table 7 with T-grooves 8 for attaching blanks has a 360 ° limb. A three-jaw chuck can be mounted on it to center and clamp the cylindrical workpieces. The angle of inclination of the axis 7 of the table is counted using sector 2 with a scale of 3 by 180 ° and a vernier 5 located on the bevel of the window of the housing 6.
On the table, marking of blanks of parts of various shapes is possible. In this case, the three-jaw chuck is removed, and the workpiece is fixed with special clamps installed in T-grooves. For accurate and quick installation of angles through each degree, special fixtures are provided in the fixture 4 rotation relative to both axes of rotation.
Marking of cylindrical parts. The workpiece is installed on the plate on one or two prisms and check the horizontality of the generatrix of the cylindrical surface relative to the surface of the marking plate (Fig. 304, a). Short cylindrical parts are mounted on one prism.
Marking the keyway on the roller must be done in the following order: examine the drawing; check the workpiece; clean the marked spots on the roller; paint with copper sulfate the end face (Fig. 304, 6) of the roller and part of the side surface on which risks will be applied; find the center at the end with the help of a center finder (or a reysmass); install the roller on a prism and check its horizontal; apply a horizontal line to the end of the roller (Fig. 304, a) passing through the center; turn the roller 90 ° and check the verticality of the drawn line along the square; apply a horizontal line to the end face with a reiss; draw a line on the side surface of the roller; draw two lines on the side surface corresponding to the width of the keyway, and at the end to the depth of the groove; turn the roller with the key risks upwards and draw a line on the end indicating the depth of the keyway, draw the contours of the keyway.
Marking on the model is used in case of wear or breakage of the part and in the absence of a drawing for the manufacture of a new one. In such cases, the sample is a worn or broken part. If the part is flat, then after thorough cleaning it is placed on the workpiece and marking lines are applied along it with a stroke.
In those cases when it is impossible to impose a sample on a workpiece, it is installed next to it and all sizes are transferred from it to the workpiece with a thickness meter. When taking dimensions from a specimen, the wear of the specimen (old part) should be taken into account, and it should also be checked whether it is damaged, warped, broken tabs, etc.
Marking in place is carried out in cases where, by the nature of the joints, it is necessary to assemble parts on the spot. To do this, mark out one of the parts, drill holes in it; in the second part, the holes are drilled after application of the first one, which is a kind of template with respect to the second.
Rational markup techniques. When working with a thickness gauge, each installation of a scriber in height requires a lot of time. When marking a batch of identical parts, several thicknesses are used that are pre-set to a certain size. The scriber should be installed in a certain position only once, and then sequentially transfer them to all marked blanks. From time to time, the installation of the scriber must be checked.
If the locksmith has only one thicknesser, it is recommended that you first transfer one set size to all the workpieces (Fig. 305), then the second, third, etc.
Coordinate-marking devices. The basis of these devices is the coordinate method, which allows one geometric element (for example, a marked outline) to be determined relative to others (for example, the installation base of a part) using numbers. These devices are universal, significantly speed up the markup, increase its accuracy and labor productivity.
The coordinate marking machine model VE-SHA is designed for preliminary measurement and marking of hull parts (castings).
With low accuracy requirements, the machine can be used to measure deviations of the basic geometric parameters (diameters, center distances, angles, axis positions, parallelism, perpendicularity, etc.) of the machined parts. The machine includes a flat turntable freely mounted on the surface of the stove.
The part to be marked or measured is mounted on the faceplate of the turntable and set by adjusting the jacks and turning the faceplate.
Moving the horizontal carriage with a stand and turning the table plate with the part during measurement and marking can be carried out manually or using electric motors.
The set of marking and measuring tools includes probes with spherical tips, an indicator, special compasses, spring-loaded cutters with holders that allow you to feel and draw lines or circles on different surfaces of castings and finished parts.
The machine is equipped with a digital printing device and a keyboard computing machine. On the panels of digital indication devices, it is possible to measure twice the amount of displacement (diameter), set the initial zero samples in any position of the measuring nodes, as well as a set of set basic coordinates. The use of these systems facilitates the processing of measurement results, simplifies diameter measurement and ensures that the center is found without complex calculations.
Most types of marking can be successfully performed on coordinate drilling machines, several models of which are based on conventional bench-top drilling machines. Such machines are equipped with cross calipers with limbs and noniuses, which allow moving the table by a predetermined amount in two mutually perpendicular directions, which is necessary when marking in the coordinate system.
Counting devices. When marking, one has to make various mathematical calculations: calculate the lengths of chords corresponding to given central angles, divide the circles into different numbers of parts, solve rectangular triangles, find trigonometric functions, determine the coordinates of the points of the intersection line of various surfaces, etc. The use of counting and solving devices increases efficiency and quality of work.
Coordinate-marking devices and calculating-solving devices are described in detail in a special literary *.
Marriage with markup. The most common type of marriage in spatial marking is its inaccuracy caused by:
incorrect and inaccurate installation of the marked part;
non-compliance with the rules for choosing marking bases;
non-observance of the marking accuracy in accordance with the dimensions of the drawing;
malfunctioning marking tool.
* ( B. Ya. Miroshnichenko. Modern tool and fixtures for scribblers-machine builders. M., Mechanical Engineering, 1972. G. M. Desheva, V. Ya. Miroshnichenko, S. V. Lastochkin. Directory of scribblers-machine builder. P., Mashgiz, 1962.)
5th grade
Technology lesson (boys)
Theme: Marking of wood blanks (2 hours)
Lesson Type:learning new material .
Purpose:To acquaint students with the rules for marking, marking tool.
Tasks:
Educational:
give an initial idea of \u200b\u200bthe marking of timber blanks;
introduce the rules of marking and marking tool.
Educational:
to educate students in the interest of cognitive needs, accuracy and accuracy in work.
Developing:
to develop the skills of academic work - observation, memorization;
mental operations - comparison.
Ways of solving.
A lesson is conducted with the study of new material and consolidation of the studied(practical part - second lesson)
In the lesson are usedelements of a collective way of learning (hereinafter CSR),individual (when performing verification work),elements of a differentiated approach (both in the process of performing verification work, and in assessing students' work).
To achieve the goal and solve the tasks, this lesson is held in a conventional workshop using a multimedia installation. In workbooks, students outline new material.
Teaching methods:story, oral survey, demonstration of multimedia presentations, visual aids and work methods.
Expected Result:
Pupils should know and understand what layout marking is.
Have an idea of \u200b\u200bthe marking tool.
Know the rules for performing markup.
Tools and equipment: multimedia installation carpentry workbench, carpentry tools and fixtures, wooden workpieces, drawings and marking tools (pencils, rulers, squares, compasses, planers, templates, etc.).
Vocabulary:marking, allowance, edge, base edge, risk, joiner's square, surface gage, tape measure, ...
During the classes
Organizing time(2 minutes.)
Post lesson topics, setting goals and objectives(3 min.)
3. Learning new material(15 minutes.)
Showing a multimedia presentation on the topic, with a discussion and recording of highlights in the workbook.
Physical Fitness(2 minutes.)
Testing the acquisition of new knowledge(8 min.)
Lesson Analysis and Summary(5 minutes.)
Homework(3 min.)
Cleaning jobs and cabinet(2 minutes.- can at break)
Lesson summary
Organizing time.
Checking the preparation of students for the lesson (the presence of a workbook, pen, pencil and ruler), monitoring attendance and induction training on labor protection.
The message topics of the lesson, setting goals and objectives.
In notebooks, students write down the topic of the lesson. On the board are written the purpose and objectives of this lesson.
Presentation of new material.
1. Updating of supporting knowledge.
Conducted in the form of a conversation.
Questions are asked to which students give their answers.
What needs to be done to make a product?
(student responses - mark up blanks)
What tool can be used to mark circles and arcs on workpieces (students' answers - carpentry level, square, roulette, compasses, etc.)
Acquaintance with new material.
It takes the form of a teacher’s story, accompanied by a presentation
During the presentation, students keep notes in a notebook:
The allowance is ...;
The edge is ...;
Base edge - ...;
Risk is ...;
Abstract of the story of the new material
Markup as a technological process.
Any work with wood should begin with marking. For convenience, with further work, mark up on the workpiece so that it is clearly visible and easy to read. The fact is that when sawing wood, a lot of sawdust forms, which quickly close the applied marking and can adversely affect the quality of the whole work. Markup is a responsible and time-consuming job. She is composed from drawing on the workpiece the dimensions of the parts according to the drawing, taking into account allowances for subsequent processing, drying and warping.
Allowance - this is the excess of the size of the workpiece against the size of the parts clean. The length allowance is 20-40 mm, and the width and thickness are 5 mm each (students write in a notebook).
The markup should be accurate and accurate; it depends on the qualifications of the worker, on the quality and accuracy of the marking and measuring tools.
As a rule, wood is marked so that as little as possible waste is obtained from lumber used for blanks for parts.
In other words, markup needed to obtain a workpiece with a minimum allowance for processing with a manual or electrified tool. The measuring tool should be applied to the edge timber or lumber(say how they differ). It is best to take measurements twice, each time from different ends (show how). If the parts have the same length, then in this case it is not necessary to separately measure each part, because it will take a lot of time and effort. In this case, it is enough to measure one part. Which will act as a template (entry in the student notebook, what istemplate - slide 14) for marking up the remaining parts. Before cutting the intended piece of wood or lumber, use square draw outlined at risk.
The line of marking is called risk. It is applied using a ruler, a square, bullshit, malki, traits, compass, thicknesser, staples, drags or cord.
In addition to these tools, various tools can be used to mark the workpieces (presented on the slide).
If the material you are going to process does not have base edge , then in this case it is necessary to designate main stream(say what that means), which will be cutting. To do this, attach a bar to the material or beat it off with a cord (string), sprinkled with chalk or charcoal. The technology for performing this operation is as follows: at one end of the board at the desired distance from the edge, a notch is made into which the end of the string is inserted, after which it is rubbed with chalk or charcoal. The other end is held with the left hand at the same distance from the edge, pressing to the board, with the right hand the rope is slightly pulled up and then released. At the same time, a line is printed on the board.
So, mark the workpiece - this means to indicate with dots and lines the boundary of the workpiece processing.
Rules for markup.
Marking lines in penciland on a clean planed surface - with an awl.
To perform marking on the plane of the part at right angles from the student pencil box kit, you can use the ruler as a guiding element and a triangle .
To mark the circles, you can use the drawing compass.
In addition to this, there are other ways to perform marking on the plane in non-traditional ways. (what methods can be given as homework for the next lesson).
After the teacher’s story and watching the presentation, we focus on the terminology once again showing the rules for marking blanks personally.
Physical education.
It can be carried out both by students and the teacher.
Testing the assimilation of new knowledge.
To verify the assimilation of new knowledge and their consolidation, students are invited to perform a small test work to consolidate the material studied
Analysis and summary of the lesson.
Checkcompleted works and their assessment takes the following form:
The guys change jobs, then the correct answers for the whole class are read out, students mark their mistakes (if any) and give themselves marks according to them (the teacher can check each work, if he considers it necessary).
Lesson analysis : together with the students, we once again return to the goal and objectives; We discuss whether everything turned out in accordance with them; what was learned better and what could be worse (what should be emphasized in the next lesson).
Homework.
What other methods of marking on the plane are known by non-traditional methods, in addition, it is necessary prepare for practical work
Cleaning jobs and cabinet.
Cleaning jobs, preparing an office for the next class
Annex 1
Individual tasks
What do you know measuring instruments?
List them by drawing.
What is called workpiece marking?
What tool did the part mark in the figure?
What is a template?
Kachkanar city district. MOU secondary school №2. Pasynkov Sergey Viktorovich, technology teacher
Lesson topic:
"Marking of wood blanks"
Lesson Objectives:
- to continue the formation of basic technological concepts;
- develop skills to build a simple drawing;
- learn techniques for marking wood parts.
STRUCTURE OF THE TREE TREE
- The trunk consists of a bark, which has an outer layer - cork and an inner - bast.
- The main part of the trunk consists of tree rings.
- The trunk consists of a core (soft and loose). Cambium is a thin layer of living cells.
Graphic Documentation
- Drawing - This is a conditional image of the product, made according to certain rules using drawing tools.
- Sketch - an image of an object made by hand according to the same rules as the drawing, but without observing the exact scale.
- Technical drawing - a visual image of the object, made by hand in the same lines as the drawing, indicating the dimensions and material of which the product is made.
Markup - this is the application of contour lines to the workpiece.
RIDDLES
1. I love directness
And the line itself.
Make a straight line
I help everyone.
2. A straight line, well, draw it yourself! This is a difficult science! Useful here ...
3. The eye will not help,
I need the exact size for me.
Where necessary, put tags
Via...
Marking and measuring tools
- roulette - for measuring and marking saw and timber;
- meter - for marking rough blanks;
- ruler - for measuring parts and blanks;
- square - for measuring and plotting rectangular parts;
- malka - for drawing and checking various angles (a given angle is set by the protractor);
- surface gage - for drawing parallel lines when processing the edges of the workpieces; compass - for drawing arcs, circles and laying dimensions;
- caliper - for measuring the diameter of the holes.
1. Before marking, one of the edges of the workpiece is sawn off or cut exactly in a straight line. This edge is called the base layer.
2. Parallel marking lines can be done using a thicknesser.
Markup Procedure
3. Using a compass, circles and arcs are drawn on the marked workpiece. Then the center is marked.
4. The radius is delayed on the line.
5. A circle is drawn along the deferred radius.
Marking cutting board Harmonization Rules
Routing
№ p / p
Sequence of operations
Graphic image
Build a drawing. Choose a blank from plywood
10-12 mm thick and mark the outline of the product.
Tools and fixtures
Drawing, template, pencil
Assignments
1. The construction of the drawing.
2. Using the marking tools, mark the workpiece blanks according to the template.
Workplace organization
- There should not be anything superfluous in the workplace.
- Each item must be put in the space reserved for it, so as not to look for it when reused.
- Everything that you have to use more often during work must be put closer, and vice versa.
- Place objects in the workplace so that their location corresponds to the natural movements of the hands: objects that are taken with the right hand should lie on the right, and those that are taken with the left should lie on the left.
Reasons for marriage
a) inaccuracy of the measuring tool;
b) non-compliance with markup techniques;
c) inattention of the worker.
Homework
- Textbook page