Sewerage design snip. Sewerage. outdoor networks and facilities

Arrangement of water supply

A correctly completed project and installation of outdoor sewage networks determines the duration and quality of their operation. The main provisions and rules for the construction and repair of an external sewer network are determined by SNiP 2.04.03-85. The document regulates the full cycle of work on the installation of an engineering system from the installation of the pipeline to the construction of treatment facilities. SNiP sewer external networks and facilities will help to choose the best material and build an effective sewage and rainwater disposal system.

What is outdoor sewage

External sewage systems include branched pipelines and system elements necessary for transporting wastewater from residential buildings and other facilities to sewage treatment plants. Engineering network design is carried out simultaneously with the preparation of water supply plans. The systems are interconnected by the need to maintain a balance of consumption and water discharge. Installation and maintenance of urban outdoor sewage assigned to utilities. The maintenance of autonomous sewage in private homes is the responsibility of the owners themselves.

There are two ways to transport waste water:

gravity or gravity;
pressure, requiring the installation of pumping equipment.

Types of Sewerage

To ensure the safety of the functioning of the external sewage, SNiP offers several ways:

duplication of communications - providing the ability in the event of an accident to switch the flow to a parallel pipeline or channel;
reliable power supply, availability of an alternative (reserve) source;
stock paving when designing network bandwidth

Attention. When installing sewage facilities, a certain sanitary zone to the places of construction of residential and public buildings must be observed.

Block diagrams

According to SNiP, the external sewage system according to the laying method is divided into several systems:

All-alloy - according to this installation scheme, all drains - domestic, storm, thawed - are sent to one sewer collector or tank.
Separate - the system is arranged in such a way that household wastewater and melt (rain) water are transported through various pipelines and fall into various treatment facilities or reservoirs.
Semi-separated – wastewater and storm sewer are sent along different highways to one tank.

Alloy scheme

Attention. It is forbidden to discharge waste water untreated to established standards into water bodies.

Sewer system classification

External engineering communications are arranged in various places and have their purpose.

Yard network - used to service one building. It consists of the following elements: pipes of small diameter (150 mm), building outlets, reception and inspection wells. This concept is used for a system connected with a central sewage system, it is not used for an autonomous system.

Yard network

Intra-quarter - the network is located inside the quarter, it consists of the same elements as the yard.

Schemes of drainage networks

Depending on the features of the terrain, one of the schemes of external drainage is selected:

perpendicular - used for collectors of rainwater drainage for the speedy transportation of water to the general flow;
zone - a rare option applied to objects with a significant difference in height; a pump is installed in the lower collector;
cross - the main collector is installed along the river or other reservoir for intercepting sewage;
radial - waste water is directed to various treatment facilities.

The constituent elements of the external sewer system

The engineering network consists of several main details:

The choice of a method for discharging domestic and rainwater depends on a whole list of factors that are taken into account at the design stage:

soil properties and nature;
climatic features, such as freezing depth;
volume of transported effluents;
groundwater level;
the distance from the point of release from the building to the treatment plant.

Attention. The smallest allowable slope of the pipeline depends on the minimum sewer flow rate.

Piping material selection

The materials used for the installation of highways and channels must be resistant to aggressive environments and the effects of abrasive particles contained in the liquid. To prevent gas corrosion, ventilation is installed on the top of the collector to prevent gas stagnation.

SNiP of external sewage provides for the use of pipe networks from the following materials for installation:

polyethylene;
polyvinyl chloride;
polypropylene;
steel;
asbestos cement;
cast iron;
reinforced concrete.

Polymer pipes

intra-quarter - 150 mm;

The size of the rain and general alloy street system is 250 mm, the intra-quarter - 200 mm.

Speed

The SNiP contains tables that determine the speed of movement of wastewater depending on the size of the pipeline or tray. These indicators help to avoid siltation of sewer networks. The stream contains suspended particles, which at insufficient speed settle on the surface of the line.

Basic calculation data:

diameter 150-250 mm - 0.7 m / s;
600-800 mm - 1 m / s;
more than 1500 mm - 1.5 m / s.

The lowest speed of movement of clarified effluents through trays and pipes is 0.4 m / s. The maximum value of the speed of transportation of effluents:

on metal and plastic pipes - 8 m / s;
for concrete and reinforced concrete - 4 m / s.

For rain sewage indicators are:

metal and plastic pipes - 10 m / s;
concrete and reinforced concrete - 7 m / s.

Pipeline slope

One of the main rules when laying a pipeline is to observe the slope. For systems where the fluid moves under the action of gravitational forces, this parameter is crucial. The negative consequences of installation errors in the direction of decreasing or increasing the slope lead to improper network operation, blockages and breakdowns.

Attention. The standard indicator is calculated per 1 linear meter of pipe.

For autonomous sewer pipes that are smaller than the central networks, the following standards apply:

In special conditions associated with the terrain, a decrease in the slope is allowed:

pipes 150 mm to 0.008;
pipes 200 mm to 0.007.

Storm water inlets are connected to the general system with a slope of 0.02.

Network Depth

The minimum depth of the sewage pipeline depends on the heat engineering calculation. Also take into account the practice of operating utility networks in the area. Pipes are laid 0.3-0.5 m below the freezing point of the soil. Maximum depth depends on several factors:

pipe material;
type of soil;
diameter of the pipeline;
way of laying.

Heavy rains and spring thaw for many homeowners are becoming a real problem. After all, the area after the rain turns into a kind of swamp, and regular flooding of the foundation and walls contribute to their destruction. Consider the main points of the construction of such a device as storm sewers - SNiP, GOST and other requirements that should be taken into account.

What is storm sewer? Storm sewers are called complex engineering networks that serve to collect and discharge moisture from the drained territory, which falls in the form of precipitation. For the construction of these schemes should be guided by the requirements of SNiP, which addressed the construction of external sewage networks.

The SNiP, which regulates the norms that external sewage networks must comply with, contains the necessary formulas for calculations during the design of the system, the requirements for materials, the depth of the pipes and other important aspects of construction are indicated.

Types of storm sewer

There are two types of storms:

Point system.
Linear system.

Point type stormwater drainage

Point schemes are networks of storm water inlets and pipes connecting them. In order for the assembled circuit to be durable, safe and efficient, the technical conditions for storm sewers include the installation of protective gratings on storm water inlets, as well as the installation of special filters - sand traps.

Sewer storm linear type

A linear diagram is a network of channels that are designed to collect and transport water. According to the requirements of SNiP - storm sewage is mounted so that there is a bias towards the main collector.

Closed type storm sewers consist of a network of storm water inlets connected by pipes laid at a depth, through which water is discharged into the collector. For maintenance and monitoring of the system, it includes inspection wells with a diameter of 1 meter.

Advice! All aspects that will need to be taken into account during the development of the project and the construction of storm sewers are described in the normative document SNiP 2.04.01-85.

If, for some reason, when laying pipes, it is not possible to maintain a minimum slope, then pumps for pumping liquid are included in the system, since it cannot be moved by gravity.

Elements of storm sewers

As a rule, the following elements are included in the sewage network:

Storm water inlets. This is one of the important elements of the system, the main function of which is the local collection of water from the surface of the earth.
Door pallets. This is an analogue of storm water inlets, which are installed in front of the entrance groups at home or at the gate.
Trays or gutters. Elements installed in ditches for water drainage. To allow water to move through them by gravity, a small slope of storm sewers is provided, directed towards the collector.

Pipes. This element performs the same function as the trays, but is not laid in surface trenches, but underground.
Sand traps. These are filter elements that prevent debris and soil particles from entering the drainage system.
Viewing wells. Elements necessary to control the operation of the system.

Calculation of storm sewers

Before the start of the construction of the stormwater, you need to make the correct calculation of the storm sewer, for this you need to know:

The average rainfall in this area.
The drain area, that is, the area of \u200b\u200broofs, platforms and walkways with a waterproof coating.
Soil properties on the site.
Location of already built underground utilities on the site.

You can calculate what the diameter of the storm sewer should be according to the formula:

Q \u003d q20 x F x Ψ

Designations in the formula:

Q - the amount of water that the system will have to divert.
q20 - precipitation intensity.

Advice! This value depends on the climatic conditions of the area, you can find its value in the tables on SNiP 2.04.03 - 85.

F is the surface area from which it is planned to discharge water.
Ψ - correction factor, which depends on the coating material of the site with which the water is collected.

Advice! The correction factor for the roof is 1.0, for paved areas and walkways - 0.95, for concrete pavements - 0.85, for crushed stone coatings - 0.4 (and if the crushed stone is treated with bitumen, the coefficient will be 0.6).

Pipe Depth

The question of what should be the depth of the laying of storm sewers is widely discussed at building forums. Meanwhile, a quite understandable answer is given in SNiP 2.04.03-85 - the minimum depth of a storm sewer is determined by the experience of operating systems in this area.

Advice! As a rule, when operating in the middle lane and using pipes with diameters up to 500 mm, 30 cm is taken as the minimum depth. If pipes of larger diameter are used to build a system such as storm sewers, the depth of their laying should not be less than 70 cm.

In order not to make complicated calculations and not worry about possible mistakes, it is best to find out what the depth of the people who are involved in the construction of storm sewers in practice should be. You can ask your neighbors if they have already finished building external drainage and stormwater drainage networks, or inquire with construction organizations working in this area.

Slope of storm pipes

In order to find out the minimum slope of storm sewers, you need to consider:

Type of drainage;
Pipe diameter;
Surface coating.

When using pipes with a diameter of 200 mm, the slope should be 0.7 cm per meter of pipe length. If pipes with a cross section of 150 mm were used, the slope should be 0.8 cm per meter. In case of urgent need, SNiP 2.04.03-85 has a direct indication that in certain sections of the network the minimum slope can be slightly reduced:

up to 0.5 cm per meter when using pipes with a size of 200 mm;
up to 0.7 cm per meter for pipes with a diameter of 150 mm.

Thus, if local conditions force this to be done, it is possible to “save” up to 2 mm per meter of pipeline length. Do not forget that SNiP regulates not only the minimum, but also the maximum slope of the pipeline. It should not exceed 1.5 cm per meter of pipe.

If you exceed this indicator, then the risk of clogging the structure will increase. The fact is that if the slope is greater than normal, the water quickly leaves, and the sand contained in it settles, as a result, the inner surface of the pipe quickly silts.

Construction of storm sewers

In general, installation work on the installation of storm storms takes place in the same way as when laying the outer pipelines of ordinary sewers.

The choice of pipes for the underground part of the pipeline

If external stormwater networks are mounted, SNiP allows the use of the following types of pipes:

Asbestos-cement;
Steel;
Plastic

Asbestos cement is a traditional material used for the construction of external sewage pipelines, including stormwater. The disadvantages of the material include its high fragility and considerable weight (a meter of a pipe with a diameter of 100 mm weighs more than 24 kg). Steel pipes have a much lower weight (a meter of pipe weighs about 10 kg), but they are prone to corrosion, so it is unprofitable to use them for the construction of stormwater.

Recently, plastic pipes have been used to construct stormwater. They are light (a meter weighs no more than 5 kg), but are durable and resistant to corrosion. In addition, they are easy to connect, no welding required. Can be used:

PVC pipes, if external networks are mounted, then for their construction you need to use a special type of pipe, they are painted in orange;
Multilayer polymer pipes. Today is the best option. These pipes have a smooth inner surface, so hydraulic resistance does not occur.

Roof installation

The work goes like this:

In the ceilings, holes are arranged for installing storm water inlets, all junctions are carefully sealed.
Outflow pipes are strengthened during the construction of a point system or trays - during the installation of a linear stormwater system.
Install sewage risers or pipes.
A water discharge unit is going to the collector or discharge into the tray systems.
All devices are attached to walls and ceilings with clamps. Places for installing clamps are planned in advance, not forgetting to observe the recommended values \u200b\u200bof the slopes.

Underground installation

Installation begins with the installation of trenches. During the construction of systems such as storm sewers, the depth of laying is most often determined not by the freezing depth, but by the experience of operating the systems at the construction site.
The trenches are excavated with a slope, that is, their depth should gradually increase.
At the bottom of the trenches, a sand pillow is made, the layer height is 20 cm.
The foundation pit is being prepared for installing the collector.
Pipes should be laid in the prepared ditches; pipe connections to each other and their connection to the collector are carried out using conventional fittings.
If the sewer network consists of a single branch with a length of more than 10 meters, then in the middle it is worth planning to install a viewing well. Such wells should be placed at the branching points of networks.
Sand collectors are installed at the junction of the water inlets and the storm pipe systems.
Now it remains to backfill the trenches and cover the open structures (trays) with trellises on top.

The need to create security zones

Few people know that there is such a thing as a sewage protection zone, including a storm, and meanwhile, SNiP stipulate that a security zone of a certain size be organized near the pipes. So, the storm protection zone provides an indent from the walls of the pipe in each direction for 5 meters. The security zone is a place where it is prohibited:

Build permanent or temporary structures.
Dispose of landfills.
Arrange parking.
Plant trees or bushes less than three meters from the pipe.
Block free access to manholes.

So, the installation of a rainwater drainage system is a necessary measure in the improvement of the site. When constructing such systems, it is necessary to strictly comply with the requirements and rules that are formulated in regulatory documents - construction and sanitary rules.

A properly designed and installed external sewage system will not create unnecessary trouble in its operation, it will provide not only comfort and all kinds of conveniences for residents of various houses, office workers and other buildings, but also a full guarantee of sanitary and hygienic safety of human health.

That is why it is very important to follow all sanitary norms and rules (SNiP) established at the state level.

SNiP provide complete relevant information on how to accurately calculate and create a project of external sewage networks in order to avoid epidemics, contamination of drinking water and soil areas as a result of sewage emissions, breakthrough of sewer pipes and other emergency situations in their future operation.

Unlike internal sewer networks, which are located inside residential and non-residential premises, the external ones are communications that stretch from the house to the reservoirs, which store wastewater.

Such sewer installations are installed both for city-wide building objects, and for private houses, where there is a slope for gravity sewage or pressure networks are installed with pumping stations or sewage pumps.

City-wide buildings relate, as a rule, to the department and maintenance of municipal utilities, while private buildings are serviced autonomously and independently.

And in both cases, when building or laying and installing an external sewage system, strict adherence to specially developed state sanitary and hygienic standards and rules is required.

According to the structure of the installation and installation method, sewer external networks are divided into such systems:

separate - the drain of domestic and fecal wastewater is separated from rainwater and melt, it flows through different pipes and is collected in different containers;
semi-separate - in this case, rain, melt and domestic water flowing through separate pipes are collected in one sewer, where they are stored for some time and then disposed of;

Photo: half-divided sewer networks

general alloy - according to this scheme, drains of all types flow down the same pipeline into the same sewer tank.

Photo: Alloy Sewer Networks

According to the type of location and purpose, they distinguish sewage for external use in such places:

intra-yard and intra-quarter networks - tracing (laying the pipeline by vectors from point A to point B) of the entire sewage system is carried out along the walls of buildings at a distance of 3 m from their outer walls, using the shortest path to collectors located on the streets. Such a concept as a courtyard network is applicable only to sewers that connect to centralized urban systems, but does not apply to autonomous sewers;
street - This is a whole system of pipelines and wells, branched out in various ways, which runs directly along the streets and ensures the transportation of wastewater to the center of the entire external sewer system - city sewers;
collectors - their role is to collect wastewater and, if necessary, redirect it to other collectors. For the most part, sewer collectors are located both in the territory of the sewage basin and on its outskirts. Sewerage basin is a part of the territory limited by watersheds where sewer pipes run and sewage is transported either by gravity or pressure method;

Photo: sewer network collectors

treatment facilities - the final point of wastewater dispatch is treatment facilities where the water is treated and the treated water is discharged into the reservoir, or for the use of industrial and economic needs of large and small production facilities.

Photo: Wastewater Treatment Plant

There are also some options for the location and arrangement of the schemes for laying the external sewage pipeline themselves.

Differences in schemes are formed due to the diversity of the terrain where sewer pipes are laid.

Indeed, it can depend on turns and bends on the lines of passing pipes, the level of groundwater, which means supplying the system with inspection, drainage or revision wells and other specific subtleties.

The most basic schemes of external sewers can be distinguished:

perpendicular pattern - the perpendicular is formed here due to the laying of sewer pipes or collectors perpendicular to the movement of water in the reservoir. Such a scheme effectively removes dirty water from clean waters;

crossed circuit - collectors that are located on the territory of the sewage basin are installed perpendicular to the reservoir and intercepted by the main or main collector, which is installed parallel to the coastline of the river. This scheme is used where there is too much slope towards a river or some other reservoir, and where more thorough wastewater treatment is required;

fan or parallel circuit - in the case of sharp slopes towards the river, the external sewage pipe is laid parallel to each other, but at an obligatory angle with respect to the reservoir. Such systems are also intercepted by the main collectors, which successfully divert waste water away from settlements to treatment facilities;
zone or zone diagram - this scheme allows dividing the city sewer into sections or zones, but it is not possible to let wastewater into the sewage treatment system by gravity, so pumping pumping stations are installed on the lowest intercepting collector;
radial or decentralized scheme - here the wastewater is directed in a non-centralized way and gets to different treatment facilities. This scheme works very well only on flat terrain and large volumes of sewage entering the external sewage pipe.

Photo: schemes of external sewer networks: a - perpendicular; b - crossed; in - parallel; g - zone; d - radial

All types and classifications of external sewage systems differ among themselves in the structure of construction, purpose, relief terrain conditions, wastewater volumes and other parameters and factors that affect the planning and routing of certain types of sewers in its outer part.

Network Composition

External sewage systems have certain sections of pipelines, complex and simple designs of all kinds of wells, slopes, transitions and turns in laying the pipes themselves, tanks, where temporary accumulation or transportation of sewage occurs, treatment, and then the withdrawal of purified water into water bodies.

By and large, the external sewage system consists of such structures, components and structures:

pipeline - along the length of which pipes of various lengths and diameters are used;

Photo: sewage pipeline

wells - as a rule, inspection (revision), drainage, overflow and rotary wells are involved;

Photo: sewage wells

releases to the receivers - they provide the unhindered exit of wastewater from the pipeline to the tank;
collectors are whole tunnels, which are huge pipes that provide sufficient space for the accumulation and collection of sewage water, as well as their subsequent distribution and transportation to treatment facilities or pumping stations;
local treatment facilities are various septic tanks, aerators, biodisk equipment, and other structures whose purpose is to treat waste water and discharge it to water bodies, rivers, or use it for technical or, for example, agricultural needs;

Photo: local sewage treatment plants

paging stations - are not used in all external sewage systems, namely, where a portioned supply of wastewater to treatment plants is required;
other elements are all kinds of components, additional mechanisms and other elements of the external sewer network.

Basic design requirements

As already noted, the need for strict adherence to all state standards and rules of the sanitary-hygienic and construction order.

This is necessary to avoid violations and accidents that could occur in the further operation of a particular section of the external sewage system.

Important! Only when all Construction Norms and Regulations are observed and all work is done in proper quality, then only the object of sewer networks can be put into operation.

All these points relate not only to the exact implementation of the rules and norms by state or commercial structures, but also to individuals who independently lay pipes for autonomous sewage, or sewage, which is supplied from the cottage, private house to a centralized sewage system.

Photo: SNiP

Before proceeding with the design of any external sewage system, you must first determine the nature of the terrain on whose territory the sewage system will be located, as well as its type: separate, semi-divided or alloyed.

The rules and norms provided by the Guest require strict compliance with the phased implementation of works on laying and installing the sewage system.

To begin with, preparatory excavation is carried out according to the project plan:

digging trenches with a larger diameter than the pipes themselves, in accordance with the norms of SNiP;
ramming trenches or supplying them with “pillows” or any other covering elements;
in order to avoid freezing, various heaters and deeper trenches are used.

Photo: sealing seams of sewer pipe joints

After warming, laying the pipeline with all the wells and other fittings, the system must pass all the relevant SNiP hydraulic tests and only then it will be filled up with soil and rammed.

Photo: laying sewer pipes

Septic tanks

Structures such as septic tanks must be placed at a distance from the foundation of the house or well with drinking water from 10 to 12 m.

These requirements must be strictly observed, otherwise sewage or fumes can enter the drinking water through the soil, which subsequently leads to the appearance of various infectious and bacterial diseases.

For installation and installation, a cottage or a country house, you must first dig a large pit.

Given that almost all modern septic tanks are made of light materials: plastic or fiberglass plastic, you need to prepare for it a concrete platform and fixing belts, or reinforced concrete rings.

All this is done so that the septic tank does not “pop up”, but remains fixed underground. All connecting pipes with wells must consist of anti-corrosion materials that are not exposed to the aggressive environment of sewage.

Thus, these pipes and wells can last as long as possible.

Photo: septic tank

The mechanism of operation of the septic tank also contains aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, with the help of which the wastewater entering the first chamber decomposes, forming water and sludge.

Then, the water, filling the first chamber to a certain level, is poured into the second chamber, and from there (if the septic tank is 2-chamber) into the perforated pipe, through the openings of which the purified water enters the ground, thereby not infecting the soil.

Biological deep wastewater treatment

Modern solutions for effective wastewater treatment have come to the best solution - it is a biological deep wastewater treatment, which is carried out using whole plants and structures using bio-disks, where bacteria are present that work to decompose sewage into water and sludge.

The operating mechanism of a deep-cleaning station is based on the principle of the septic tank, but only in an improved and modified version to the extent that it purifies dirty waste water by 98%.

Photo: biological deep wastewater treatment

It is good to install such a structure in private houses, dachas, cottages, where the centralized external sewage system is located far enough and the installation of an autonomous sewer system is required.

Such a deep-cleaning station is installed almost in the same way as a septic tank, only with the obligatory consideration of all the norms and rules for external autonomous sewer systems.

Consequences and liability of non-compliance with Construction Norms and Regulations on design, installation and installation

The legislation of the Russian Federation provides for appropriate penalties and liability for violations of SNiP on installation and laying of external sewers.

Compliance with SNiP is checked by specially created commissions in the presence of suitable documentation.

Responsible for compliance with all rules and regulations are the following persons:

developers (customers) - are responsible for preparing for the operation of the finished sewer network, taking into account all personnel issues, ensuring the proper operation of equipment, setting up technological processes, developing project capacities within the time frames specified in SNiP “Sewerage. External networks and structures ”;
design organizations - are responsible for the accuracy of all calculations, drawings and design plans for outdoor sewage networks;
research organizations - are responsible for all issued documents and digital data on climate, ecology in the region or area where the outdoor sewage was laid;
construction and installation organizations - are fully responsible for observing all the norms and rules during the work and testing of the finished structure, prescribed in SNiP 2.04.03-85 “Sewerage. External networks and facilities. ”

In case of violations of SNiP by any of the above persons, they are brought to administrative, disciplinary, criminal and other liability in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

All penalties are imposed on the perpetrators because their negligence in case of non-compliance with all relevant rules and norms can lead to or lead to disasters, epidemics, or any accidents associated with a violation of the sewer pipeline, blockage or any other breakdown.

All the issues discussed regarding the preparatory and installation work on the design and installation of outdoor sewer systems can shed light on the correct conduct of all installation and construction works in this type of activity.

This applies not only to the construction of the state central system of external sewage, but also to autonomous sewer structures.

Important! Any deviation from SNiP by any citizen who decided to do the independent laying of the sewage system, or by any organization or company that installs the external sewage pipeline, can lead to catastrophic consequences, various diseases of the population or emergency breakdowns that will cause irreparable damage to the environment.

Video: how to properly arrange sewers in a private house

(as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by the Resolution of the USSR Gosstroy

dated 05/28/1986 N 70)

Duration

January 1, 1986

Developed by Soyuzvodokanalproekt (G.M. Mironchik - topic manager; D.A. Berdichevsky, A.E. Vysota, L.V. Yaroslavsky) with the participation of VNIIVODGEO, Donetsk PromstroyNIIproekt and NIIOSP named after N.M. Gersevanov Gosstroy of the USSR, Research Institute of municipal water supply and water purification of the Academy of Public Utilities named after K.D. Pamfilov and Giprokommunvodokanal of the Ministry of Housing and Communal Services of the RSFSR, TsNIIEP of engineering equipment of the State Grazhdanstroy, MosvodokanalNIIproekt and Mosinzhproekt of the Moscow City Executive Committee, the Scientific Research and Design Institute of Urban Economics and the UkrkommunNIIIproekhite of the Ministry of Social Development and Construction. M.T. Urazbaev Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Moscow Civil Engineering Institute. V.V. Kuibyshev Ministry of Higher Education of the USSR, Leningrad Civil Engineering Institute of the Ministry of Higher Education of the RSFSR.

Introduced by Soyuzvodokanalproekt Gosstroy USSR.

Prepared for approval by Glavtekhnormirovaniye Gosstroy of the USSR (B.V. Tambovtsev).

Agreed by the Ministry of Health of the USSR (letter of October 24, 1983 N 121-12 / 1502-14), the Ministry of Water Economy of the USSR (letter of April 15, 1985 N 13-3-05 / 366), the Ministry of Fishery of the USSR (letter of April 26, 1985 . N 30-11-9).

With the introduction of SNiP 2.04.03-85 "Sewerage. External networks and structures," SNiP II-32-74 "Sewerage. External networks and structures" expires.

These rules and regulations must be observed when designing newly built and reconstructed permanent outdoor sewage systems for settlements and national economy objects.

When developing sewage projects, one should be guided by the “Fundamentals of Water Legislation of the USSR and Union Republics”, comply with the “Rules for the Protection of Surface Water from Pollution from Wastewater” and the “Rules for Sanitary Protection of Coastal Waters of the Sea” of the USSR Ministry of Water Economy, USSR Ministry of Fishery and USSR Ministry of Health, requirements of the “Regulations on of water protection and coastal stripes of the country's small rivers "and" Instructions on the procedure for approval and issuance of permits for special water use "of the USSR Ministry of Water and Water, as well as instructions on other regulatory documents, ut erzhdennyh or concerted USSR State.

1. General instructions

1.1. Sewerage facilities should be designed on the basis of approved schemes for the development and deployment of sectors of the national economy and industry, schemes for the development and distribution of productive forces in economic regions and union republics, general, basin and territorial schemes for the integrated use and protection of water, schemes and projects for district planning and urban development and other settlements, master plans of industrial nodes.

When designing, it is necessary to consider the feasibility of cooperating with sewage systems of facilities regardless of their departmental affiliation, and also take into account the technical, economic and sanitary assessments of existing facilities, provide for the possibility of their use and intensification of their work.

Sewerage projects of facilities should be developed, as a rule, simultaneously with water supply projects with a mandatory analysis of the balance of water consumption and wastewater disposal. In this case, it is necessary to consider the possibility of using treated wastewater and rainwater for industrial water supply and irrigation.

1.2. In the rainwater drainage system, the most polluted part of the surface runoff generated during the period of rainfall, snowmelt and washing of road surfaces should be cleaned, i.e. at least 70% of the annual runoff for residential areas and sites of enterprises close to them in terms of pollution, and the total volume of runoff for sites of enterprises whose territory may be contaminated with specific substances with toxic properties or a significant amount of organic substances.

1.3. The main technical decisions made in the projects and the sequence of their implementation should be justified by comparing possible options. Technical and economic calculations should be performed according to those options whose advantages and disadvantages cannot be established without calculations.

The best option should be determined by the smallest amount of reduced costs, taking into account the reduction in labor costs, the consumption of material resources, electricity and fuel, as well as on the basis of sanitary and hygienic and fishery requirements.

1.4. When designing sewage networks and structures, advanced technical solutions, mechanization of labor-intensive work, automation of technological processes and maximum industrialization of construction and installation works through the use of prefabricated structures, standard and standard products and parts manufactured at factories and procurement workshops should be provided.

1.5. Wastewater treatment plants for industrial and rain sewers should, as a rule, be located on the territory of industrial enterprises.

1.6. When connecting the sewer networks of industrial enterprises to the street or intra-quarter network of a settlement, outlets with control wells located outside the enterprises should be provided.

It is necessary to provide devices for measuring the discharge of waste water from each enterprise.

Combining the production wastewater of several enterprises is allowed after the control well of each enterprise.

1.7. The conditions and places for the release of treated wastewater and surface runoff into water bodies should be agreed with the bodies for regulating the use and protection of water, the executive committees of local Councils of People's Deputies, bodies implementing state sanitary supervision, protection of fish stocks, and other bodies in accordance with Union law Soviet Socialist Republic and Union Republics, and places of release into navigable water bodies, watercourses and seas - also with the management bodies of the river fleet of the Union Republics and the Ministry of the Marine ota.

1.8. When determining the reliability of the sewage system and its individual elements, it is necessary to take into account technological, sanitary and hygienic and water protection requirements.

In case of inadmissibility of interruptions in the operation of the sewage system or its individual elements, measures must be provided to ensure the uninterrupted operation of their work.

1.9. In the event of an accident or repair of one structure, the overload of the remaining structures of this purpose should not exceed 8 - 17% of their estimated capacity without reducing the efficiency of wastewater treatment.

1.10. Sanitary protection zones from sewage structures to the borders of residential buildings, sections of public buildings and food industry enterprises, taking into account their prospective expansion, should be taken:

from structures and pumping stations of the sewage system of settlements - according to the table. one;

Consultant Plus: note.

SN 245-71 expired in connection with the publication of the Decree of the Gosstroy of the USSR dated 05.05.1990 N 39. By the Decree of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation of 30.04.2003 N 88 from June 25, 2003 SP 2.2.1.1312-03 "Hygiene requirements for designing newly built and reconstructed industrial enterprises. "

from wastewater treatment plants and pumping stations of industrial sewage systems not located on the territory of industrial enterprises, both during self-cleaning and pumping of industrial wastewater, and when they are combined with domestic wastewater treatment - in accordance with SN 245-71, the same as for production, from which sewage arrives, but not less than specified in tab. one.

Table 1

─────────────────────────────┬────────────────────────────────────

Facilities │ Sanitary protection zone, m, at

│ estimated performance

│ structures, thousand m3 / day

├────────┬────────┬────────┬─────────

│ up to 0.2 │ St. 0.2 │ St. 5 │ St. 50

│ │ to 5 │ to 50 │ to 280

─────────────────────────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼─────────

Mechanical and │ 150 │ 200 │ 400 │ 500

biological treatment with sludge │ │ │ │

high fermentation sites - │ │ │ │

precipitation, as well as individual │ │ │ │

but located silt │ │ │ │

platforms │ │ │ │

Mechanical and │ 100 │ 150 │ 300 │ 400

biological treatment with │ │ │ │

thermomechanical treatment │ │ │ │

precipitation in enclosed spaces │ │ │ │

Filtration fields │ 200 │ 300 │ 500 │ -

Agricultural irrigation fields │ 150 │ 200 │ 400 │ -

Biological ponds │ 200 │ 200 │ 300 │ 300

Circulation facilities│ 150 │ - │ - │ -

oxidizing channels │ │ │ │

Pumping stations │ 15 │ 20 │ 20 │ 30

Notes. 1. Sanitary protection zones of sewer

facilities with a capacity of over 280 thousand m3 / day., as well as

when deviating from accepted wastewater treatment technology and

sludge treatment are established in agreement with the main

sanitary and epidemiological departments of ministries

health care of the union republics.

2. Sanitary protection zones indicated in the table. 1 allowed

increase, but not more than 2 times in case of location

leeward residential development in relation to the sewage treatment plant

structures or reduce by no more than 25% if available

auspicious wind rose.

3. In the absence of silt sites in the territory

treatment facilities with a capacity of over 0.2 thousand m3 / day.

zone size should be reduced by 30%.

4. Sanitary protection zone from filtering fields up to

0.5 ha and from structures of mechanical and biological treatment on

biofilters with a productivity up to 50 m3 / day. should be taken

5. Sanitary protection zone from underground filtering fields

productivity less than 15 m3 / day. should be taken 15 m.

6. Sanitary protection zone from filtering trenches and sand

gravel filters should be taken 25 m away from septic tanks and

filter wells - 5 and 8 m, respectively, from aeration wells

complete oxidation plants with aerobic stabilization of sludge at

capacity up to 700 m3 / day. - 50 m.

7. The sanitary protection zone from the drain stations should be

take 300 m.

8. Sanitary protection zone from treatment facilities

surface water from residential areas should be taken

100 m, from pumping stations - 15 m, from treatment facilities

industrial enterprises - as agreed with the authorities

sanitary and epidemiological service.

9. Sanitary protection zones from sludge collectors should be

take depending on the composition and properties of the sludge as agreed

with the bodies of the sanitary-epidemiological service.

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